Long-term micro-structure and cerebral blood flow changes in patients recovered from COVID-19 without neurological manifestations
Qin Y, Wu J, Chen T, Li J, Zhang G, Wu D, Zhou Y, Zheng N, Cai A, Ning Q, Manyande A, Xu F, Wang J and Zhu W
Long-term micro-structure and cerebral blood flow changes in patients recovered from COVID-19 without neurological manifestations
Qin Y, Wu J, Chen T, Li J, Zhang G, Wu D, Zhou Y, Zheng N, Cai A, Ning Q, Manyande A, Xu F, Wang J and Zhu W
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly progressed to a global pandemic. Although patients totally recover from COVID-19 pneumonia, long-term effects on the brain still need to be explored. Here, two subtypes (mild type-MG and severe type-SG) with no specific neurological manifestations at the acute stage and no obvious lesions on the conventional MRI three months after discharge were recruited. Changes in gray matter morphometry, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and white matter (WM) microstructure were investigated using MRI. The relationship between brain imaging measurements and inflammation markers were further analyzed. Compared with healthy controls, the decrease in cortical thickness/CBF, and the changes in WM microstructure were observed to be more severe in the SG than MG, especially in the frontal and limbic systems. Furthermore, changes in brain microstructure, CBF and tracts parameters were significantly correlated with inflammatory markers. The indirect injury related to inflammatory storm may damage the brain, that led to these interesting observations. There are also other likely potential causes, such as hypoxemia and dysfunction of vascular endothelium, et al. The abnormalities in these brain areas need to be monitored in the process of complete recovery, which could help clinicians to understand the potential neurological sequelae of COVID-19.
Protection against COVID-19 in African population: Immunology, genetics, and malaria clues for therapeutic targets
Altable M and de la Serna JM
Protection against COVID-19 in African population: Immunology, genetics, and malaria clues for therapeutic targets
Altable M and de la Serna JM
There is a marked discrepancy between SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and COVID-19 cases and deaths in Africa. MAIN: SARS-CoV-2 stimulates humoral and cellular immunity systems, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear NF-kB signalling pathways, which regulate inflammatory gene expression and immune cell differentiation. The result is pro-inflammatory cytokines release, hyperinflammatory condition, and cytokine storm, which provoke severe lung alterations that can lead to multi-organ failure in COVID-19. Multiple genetic and immunologic factors may contribute to the severity of COVID-19 in African individuals when compared to the rest of the global population. In this article, the role of malaria, NF-kB and MAPK pathways, caspase-12 expression, high level of LAIR-1-containing antibodies, and differential glycophorins (GYPA/B) expression in COVID-19 are discussed.
Indirect Immunofluorescence for Detecting Anti-Neuronal Autoimmunity in CSF after COVID-19 – Possibilities and Pitfalls
Mulder J, Lindqvist I, Rasmusson AJ, Husén E, Rönnelid J, Kumlien E, Rostami E, Virhammar J and Cunningham JL
Indirect Immunofluorescence for Detecting Anti-Neuronal Autoimmunity in CSF after COVID-19 – Possibilities and Pitfalls
Mulder J, Lindqvist I, Rasmusson AJ, Husén E, Rönnelid J, Kumlien E, Rostami E, Virhammar J and Cunningham JL
Assessment of administering antithrombosis in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Wang P, Wang R, Tang J, Li Y and Ma J
Assessment of administering antithrombosis in COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Wang P, Wang R, Tang J, Li Y and Ma J
Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life in people with epilepsy, and a multinational comparison of clinical and psychological impacts
Koh MY, Lim KS, Fong SL, Khor SB and Tan CT
Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life in people with epilepsy, and a multinational comparison of clinical and psychological impacts
Koh MY, Lim KS, Fong SL, Khor SB and Tan CT
This study aimed to determine the relationship among the clinical, logistic, and psychological impacts of COVID-19 on people with epilepsy (PWE), and the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life.