[Neurology : what’s new in 2021]
Vicino A, Allali G, Bally J, Castro Jimenez M, Chiabotti Salvioni P, Hirt L, Hottinger A, Michel P, Novy J, Pot Kreis C, Rossetti A, Rouaud O, Ryvlin P, Théaudin M and Du Pasquier R
[Neurology : what’s new in 2021]
Vicino A, Allali G, Bally J, Castro Jimenez M, Chiabotti Salvioni P, Hirt L, Hottinger A, Michel P, Novy J, Pot Kreis C, Rossetti A, Rouaud O, Ryvlin P, Théaudin M and Du Pasquier R
In 2021, we assisted to the publication of new diagnostic criteria, classifications, and guidelines (CIDP, brain tumors, auto-immune encephalitis). Several studies helped to define the pharmacological management of focal and generalized epileptic seizures and epilepsy in pregnant women. The availability of biomarkers and the approval of immunotherapies are modifying the landscape of dementia management. Endovascular interventions without previous thrombolysis seems to be effective in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and severe posterior circulation AIS. Neurologic complications of Sars-CoV-2 infection were further studied, as well as the efficacy of vaccines in immunosuppressed patients. New molecules and techniques show promising results for the treatment of migraine and cluster headache.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Prelude to Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2
Pliss A, Kuzmin AN, Prasad PN and Mahajan SD
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Prelude to Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2
Pliss A, Kuzmin AN, Prasad PN and Mahajan SD
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is notorious for its neuroinvasive capability, causing multiple neurological conditions. The neuropathology of SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction of brain microglia cells. However, the changes in biochemical content of mitochondria that drive the progression of neuro-COVID remain poorly understood. Here we introduce a Raman microspectrometry approach that enables the molecular profiling of single cellular organelles to characterize the mitochondrial molecular makeup in the infected microglia cells. We found that microglia treated with either spike protein or heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 trigger a dramatic reduction in mtDNA content and an increase in phospholipid saturation levels. At the same time, no significant changes were detected in Golgi apparatus and in lipid droplets, the organelles that accommodate biogenesis and storage of lipids. We hypothesize that transformations in mitochondria are caused by increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species in these organelles. Our findings call for the development of mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches to limit neuropathology associated with SARS-CoV-2.
Coronavirus Disease 2019, Eye Pain, Headache, and Beyond
Landis BC, Brooks AE, Digre KB and Seay MD
Coronavirus Disease 2019, Eye Pain, Headache, and Beyond
Landis BC, Brooks AE, Digre KB and Seay MD
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in December 2019 and became a devastating pandemic. Although its respiratory effects can be deadly and debilitating, it can lead to other systemic disorders, such as those causing eye pain and headache. This literature review aims to describe presentations of eye pain and headache in relation to COVID-19, with an emphasis on how these disorders help us to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related neurological complications
Oonk NGM, Ettema AR, van Berghem H, de Klerk JJ, van der Vegt JPM and van der Meulen M
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related neurological complications
Oonk NGM, Ettema AR, van Berghem H, de Klerk JJ, van der Vegt JPM and van der Meulen M
To describe three cases with neurological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Characterization and Utility of Remote Interpretation of Visual Field Diagnostic Testing in an Academic Center
Kung FF, Xu TT, Leavitt JA, Lossen VI, Lai KE, Ko MW, Bhatti MT and Chen JJ
Characterization and Utility of Remote Interpretation of Visual Field Diagnostic Testing in an Academic Center
Kung FF, Xu TT, Leavitt JA, Lossen VI, Lai KE, Ko MW, Bhatti MT and Chen JJ
The use of remote interpretation of data has risen in neuro-ophthalmology to increase efficiency and maintain social distancing due to the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to characterize the use and efficiency of remote interpretation of visual fields (VFs) in an academic center and to determine how often the VF interpretation was consistent with the patient’s clinical history and imaging at the time of the consult.
